YUM模块的使用

# YUM模块的使用
## 命令行使用YUM模块安装软件
```shell
ansible 2021php --become --become-method sudo --become-user root -m yum -a "state=present name=redis"
```

##

## playbook更新所有host的所有yum包，排除git
```shell
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: Exclude some packages from an upgrade in Ansible.
    yum:
      name: "*"
      state: latest
      exclude: git*
```

## 说明文档
```shell
> YUM    (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/packaging/os/yum.py)

Installs, upgrade, downgrades, removes, and lists packages and groups with the `yum' package manager. This module
        only works on Python 2. If you require Python 3 support see the [dnf] module.

* This module is maintained by The Ansible Core Team
  * note: This module has a corresponding action plugin.

OPTIONS (= is mandatory):

- allow_downgrade
        Specify if the named package and version is allowed to downgrade a maybe already installed higher version of that
        package. Note that setting allow_downgrade=True can make this module behave in a non-idempotent way. The task could
        end up with a set of packages that does not match the complete list of specified packages to install (because
        dependencies between the downgraded package and others can cause changes to the packages which were in the earlier
        transaction).
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.4

- autoremove
        If `yes', removes all "leaf" packages from the system that were originally installed as dependencies of user-
        installed packages but which are no longer required by any such package. Should be used alone or when state is
        `absent'
        NOTE: This feature requires yum >= 3.4.3 (RHEL/CentOS 7+)
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.7

- bugfix
        If set to `yes', and `state=latest' then only installs updates that have been marked bugfix related.
        [Default: no]
        version_added: 2.6

- conf_file
        The remote yum configuration file to use for the transaction.
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 0.6

- disable_excludes
        Disable the excludes defined in YUM config files.
        If set to `all', disables all excludes.
        If set to `main', disable excludes defined in [main] in yum.conf.
        If set to `repoid', disable excludes defined for given repo id.
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 2.7

- disable_gpg_check
        Whether to disable the GPG checking of signatures of packages being installed. Has an effect only if state is
        `present' or `latest'.
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 1.2

- disable_plugin
        `Plugin' name to disable for the install/update operation. The disabled plugins will not persist beyond the
        transaction.
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 2.5

- disablerepo
        `Repoid' of repositories to disable for the install/update operation. These repos will not persist beyond the
        transaction. When specifying multiple repos, separate them with a `","'.
        As of Ansible 2.7, this can alternatively be a list instead of `","' separated string
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 0.9

- download_dir
        Specifies an alternate directory to store packages.
        Has an effect only if `download_only' is specified.
        [Default: (null)]
        type: str
        version_added: 2.8

- download_only
        Only download the packages, do not install them.
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.7

- enable_plugin
        `Plugin' name to enable for the install/update operation. The enabled plugin will not persist beyond the
        transaction.
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 2.5

- enablerepo
        `Repoid' of repositories to enable for the install/update operation. These repos will not persist beyond the
        transaction. When specifying multiple repos, separate them with a `","'.
        As of Ansible 2.7, this can alternatively be a list instead of `","' separated string
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 0.9

- exclude
        Package name(s) to exclude when state=present, or latest
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 2.0

- install_weak_deps
        Will also install all packages linked by a weak dependency relation.
        NOTE: This feature requires yum >= 4 (RHEL/CentOS 8+)
        [Default: yes]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.8

- installroot
        Specifies an alternative installroot, relative to which all packages will be installed.
        [Default: /]
        version_added: 2.3

- list
        Package name to run the equivalent of yum list --show-duplicates <package> against. In addition to listing
        packages, use can also list the following: `installed', `updates', `available' and `repos'.
        This parameter is mutually exclusive with `name'.
        [Default: (null)]

- lock_timeout
        Amount of time to wait for the yum lockfile to be freed.
        [Default: 30]
        type: int
        version_added: 2.8

- name
        A package name or package specifier with version, like `name-1.0'.
        If a previous version is specified, the task also needs to turn `allow_downgrade' on. See the `allow_downgrade'
        documentation for caveats with downgrading packages.
        When using state=latest, this can be `'*'' which means run `yum -y update'.
        You can also pass a url or a local path to a rpm file (using state=present). To operate on several packages this
        can accept a comma separated string of packages or (as of 2.0) a list of packages.
        (Aliases: pkg)[Default: (null)]
        elements: str
        type: list

- releasever
        Specifies an alternative release from which all packages will be installed.
        [Default: (null)]
        version_added: 2.7

- security
        If set to `yes', and `state=latest' then only installs updates that have been marked security related.
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.4

- skip_broken
        Skip packages with broken dependencies(devsolve) and are causing problems.
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.3

- state
        Whether to install (`present' or `installed', `latest'), or remove (`absent' or `removed') a package.
        `present' and `installed' will simply ensure that a desired package is installed.
        `latest' will update the specified package if it's not of the latest available version.
        `absent' and `removed' will remove the specified package.
        Default is `None', however in effect the default action is `present' unless the `autoremove' option is enabled for
        this module, then `absent' is inferred.
        (Choices: absent, installed, latest, present, removed)[Default: (null)]

- update_cache
        Force yum to check if cache is out of date and redownload if needed. Has an effect only if state is `present' or
        `latest'.
        (Aliases: expire-cache)[Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 1.9

- update_only
        When using latest, only update installed packages. Do not install packages.
        Has an effect only if state is `latest'
        [Default: no]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.5

- use_backend
        This module supports `yum' (as it always has), this is known as `yum3'/`YUM3'/`yum-deprecated' by upstream yum
        developers. As of Ansible 2.7+, this module also supports `YUM4', which is the "new yum" and it has an `dnf'
        backend.
        By default, this module will select the backend based on the `ansible_pkg_mgr' fact.
        (Choices: auto, yum, yum4, dnf)[Default: auto]
        version_added: 2.7

- validate_certs
        This only applies if using a https url as the source of the rpm. e.g. for localinstall. If set to `no', the SSL
        certificates will not be validated.
        This should only set to `no' used on personally controlled sites using self-signed certificates as it avoids
        verifying the source site.
        Prior to 2.1 the code worked as if this was set to `yes'.
        [Default: yes]
        type: bool
        version_added: 2.1

NOTES:
      * When used with a `loop:` each package will be processed individually, it is much more efficient to pass the
        list directly to the `name` option.
      * In versions prior to 1.9.2 this module installed and removed each package given to the yum module separately.
        This caused problems when packages specified by filename or url had to be installed or removed together. In
        1.9.2 this was fixed so that packages are installed in one yum transaction. However, if one of the packages
        adds a new yum repository that the other packages come from (such as epel-release) then that package needs to
        be installed in a separate task. This mimics yum's command line behaviour.
      * Yum itself has two types of groups.  "Package groups" are specified in the rpm itself while "environment
        groups" are specified in a separate file (usually by the distribution).  Unfortunately, this division becomes
        apparent to ansible users because ansible needs to operate on the group of packages in a single transaction
        and yum requires groups to be specified in different ways when used in that way.  Package groups are
        specified as "@development-tools" and environment groups are "@^gnome-desktop-environment". Use the "yum
        group list hidden ids" command to see which category of group the group you want to install falls into.
      * The yum module does not support clearing yum cache in an idempotent way, so it was decided not to implement
        it, the only method is to use command and call the yum command directly, namely "command: yum clean all"
        https://github.com/ansible/ansible/pull/31450#issuecomment-352889579

REQUIREMENTS:  yum

AUTHOR: Ansible Core Team, Seth Vidal (@skvidal), Eduard Snesarev (@verm666), Berend De Schouwer (@berenddeschouwer), Abhijeet Kasurde (@Akasurde), Adam Miller (@maxamillion)
        METADATA:
          status:
          - stableinterface
          supported_by: core

EXAMPLES:

- name: install the latest version of Apache
  yum:
    name: httpd
    state: latest

- name: ensure a list of packages installed
  yum:
    name: "{{ packages }}"
  vars:
    packages:
    - httpd
    - httpd-tools

- name: remove the Apache package
  yum:
    name: httpd
    state: absent

- name: install the latest version of Apache from the testing repo
  yum:
    name: httpd
    enablerepo: testing
    state: present

- name: install one specific version of Apache
  yum:
    name: httpd-2.2.29-1.4.amzn1
    state: present

- name: upgrade all packages
  yum:
    name: '*'
    state: latest

- name: upgrade all packages, excluding kernel & foo related packages
  yum:
    name: '*'
    state: latest
    exclude: kernel*,foo*

- name: install the nginx rpm from a remote repo
  yum:
    name: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
    state: present

- name: install nginx rpm from a local file
  yum:
    name: /usr/local/src/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
    state: present

- name: install the 'Development tools' package group
  yum:
    name: "@Development tools"
    state: present

- name: install the 'Gnome desktop' environment group
  yum:
    name: "@^gnome-desktop-environment"
    state: present

- name: List ansible packages and register result to print with debug later.
  yum:
    list: ansible
  register: result

- name: Install package with multiple repos enabled
  yum:
    name: sos
    enablerepo: "epel,ol7_latest"

- name: Install package with multiple repos disabled
  yum:
    name: sos
    disablerepo: "epel,ol7_latest"

- name: Install a list of packages
  yum:
    name:
      - nginx
      - postgresql
      - postgresql-server
    state: present

- name: Download the nginx package but do not install it
  yum:
    name:
      - nginx
    state: latest
    download_only: true
```