源码安装Python3.x

# 源码安装Python3.x
## 额外安装包
需要libffi,否则make install 会报错
```shell
yum -y install make gcc perl zlib-devel uuid-devel libuuid-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel \
ncurses-devel bzip2-devel xz-devel libtool libffi-devel tk-devel 
```

- debian
```
apt install -y libssl-dev openssl sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev make gcc libbz2-dev  libghc-zlib-dev \
uuid-dev libreadline-dev libgdbm-dev tk-dev liblzma-dev libgdbm-compat-dev lib64z1-dev
```

## 编译安装方式
需要先安装新版的openssl和sqlite3

- openssl: /usr/local/openssl-1.1.1n

```shell
wget --no-check-cert https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1t.tar.gz && \
tar xzf openssl-1.1.1t.tar.gz && \
cd openssl-1.1.1t && \
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1 && make -j2 && make install && \
echo /usr/local/openssl-1.1.1/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/openssl-1.1.1.conf && ldconfig && \
ln -s /usr/local/openssl-1.1.1/include/openssl /usr/include/ && \
mv /bin/openssl /bin/openssl_old && \
ln -s /usr/local/openssl-1.1.1/bin/* /bin/
# 檢查
openssl version
```

- sqlite3: /usr/local/sqlite3

```shell
wget --no-check-cert https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3380200.tar.gz && \
tar xzf sqlite-autoconf-3380200.tar.gz && cd sqlite-autoconf-3380200 && \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sqlite3 && make -j2 && make install && \
mv /usr/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/sqlite3_bak && \
ln -s /usr/local/sqlite3/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/sqlite3 && \
ln -s /usr/local/sqlite3/include/sqlite3* /usr/include/ && \
echo '/usr/local/sqlite3/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/sqlite3.conf && ldconfig && \
sqlite3 --version
```

- python：以3.7.6为例

```shell
export PYVER=3.7.6
wget --no-check-cert https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYVER}/Python-${PYVER}.tgz && \
tar xzf Python-${PYVER}.tgz && cd Python-${PYVER}
./configure --enable-shared --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1 \
--enable-ipv6 --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --includedir=/usr/include,/usr/include64 \
LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/sqlite3/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/sqlite3/include" \
--prefix=/usr/local/python3 && \
make && make install && \
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin:' >> /etc/profile && \
echo '/usr/local/python3/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf && source /etc/profile && ldconfig && \
pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
```

## 安装虚拟环境模块virtualenv
```shell
/usr/local/bin/pip3.6 install virtualenv
```

不全局使用所以不加软连接，只添加virtualenv的软连接
```shell
ln -s /usr/local/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
```

## 安装虚拟环境模块pipenv
```shell
/usr/local/bin/pip3.6 install pipenv
```

pipenv的使用见：[Python虚拟环境的使用](https://blog.ihoiwan.com/2020/12/09/python%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8/)